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PowerLanguage studies can be used with the charts created by the MultiCharts trading platform and with the Portfolio BacktesterTrader.
PowerLanguage studies operate on price data, organized as a series of data points, based on a defined interval and arranged in a chronological order. Each data point is a summary of a group of price points (ticks) that includes the price values of the first and of the last tick, as well as the range of price movement over the defined interval. Data points also include additional data, such as date and time of the last tick and trade volume.
In this guide, references to charts are used as a visualization tool to aid in understanding how the PowerLanguage scripting works.
PowerLanguage studies are divided in to into two main types: Indicators and Signals.
An '''Indicator''' is a visual technical analysis tool, used to analyze market conditions and identify and forecast trends and market patterns. An indicator is a visualization of a mathematical formula, and consists of one or more '''Plots''' – lines, histograms, series of points or crosses, highs and lows, left and right ticks, or a combination of the above, displayed on a chart. Indicators are computed using only price, volume, and (occasionally) open interest data.
A bar is considered completed when it is closed and no additional ticks can be added to it.
* For time-based charts, the bar is closed once the first tick with a time stamp past the bar's interval is received, or if no additional ticks are received for a period of three 300 seconds.
* For tick-based charts, the bar is closed once the defined number of ticks has been reached.
* For range-based charts, the bar is closed once the tick with a price outside of the original bar's range has been received.
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=== The Maximum number of bars a study will reference (Signals) ===
When a value of a bar '''N''' bars ago is referenced in a script, the study can only be visualized starting with the '''N + 1''' bar.
The number of previous bars that must be available for a script in order to start performing calculations is called '''Maximum number of bars a study will reference''', or '''MaxBarsBack'''. The '''MaxBarsBack''' value can be selected to be detected automatically or set manually. When detected automatically, '''MaxBarsBack '''will initially be set to the value of the largest data offset in the study; however, if a variable data offset is used in the script, the initial '''MaxBarsBack ''' value may prove to be too small. In such a case, the '''MaxBarsBack '''value will automatically be increased by 5 or by a factor of 1.618, whichever yields a higher value, and the study recalculated. The process of automatic '''MaxBarsBack '''detection may cause some functions to be executed repeatedly for the first few bars of a chart when a study is first applied; this can signals should be avoided by setting the '''MaxBarsBack ''' value set manually.
To select the smallest '''MaxBarsBack '''value sufficient for a particular studystrategy, set the value manually. The recommended initial '''MaxBarsBack '''value is 50to the largest data offset across all signals applied to a given chart.
Learn more about setting '''MaxBarsBack''' values for [[Strategy_Properties|Signals]]
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=== Order Execution Priority ===
|'''Position'''|| '''Flat''' ||'''Long'''||'''Short'''
|-
|'''Long Entry'''||''' 1 '''||''' 1 '''||''' 2 3 '''
|-
|'''Short Entry'''||''' 1 '''||''' 2 3 '''||''' 1 '''
|-
|'''Long Exit'''||''' - '''||''' 1 2 '''||''' - '''
|-
|'''Short Exit'''||''' - '''||''' - '''||''' 1 2 '''
|}
The net result of executing the above orders, from a Short position, will be a Flat position.
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=== How Orders Are Sent Depending on the Last Bar Status ===
Three collections of orders are filled on each calculation: This Bar Close, Next Bar Market, Next Bar Price.<br>
If the last bar status of the base data series is closed (2 or -1) — This Bar Close orders are sent.<br>
If the last bar status of the base data series is opened (0 or 1) — Next Bar Market, Next Bar Price orders are sent.<br>
After the batch of orders is sent, it is cleared and will be filled only at the next calculation.<br>
<div style="background-color: #E5F6FF;">Tip: It is possible to view bar statuses (bar status from the chart, not from the script is meant) with the help of an indicator that updates on every tick..</div>
'''Examples'''<br>
''Situation 1''<br>
''2 and 2, where the number stands for the bar status from the script.''<br>
Only This Bar Close orders are sent if there are no new bars on the chart by this moment.<br>
If there is the new bar on the chart by this moment, Next Bar Market, Next Bar Price orders will be sent next.<br>
''Situation 2''</br>
''2 and 1''<br>
Only This Bar Close orders are sent if there are no new bars on the chart by this moment.<br>
If there is the new bar on the chart by this moment, Next Bar Market, Next Bar Price orders will be sent next.<br>
''1 and 2''<br>
Nothing is sent until the bar of the base data series is closed.<br>
''Situation 3''<br>
''1 and 2''<br>
Nothing is sent.<br>
''2 and 1''<br>
Only This Bar Close orders are sent if there are no new bars on the chart by this moment.<br>
If there is the new bar on the chart by this moment, Next Bar Market, Next Bar Price orders will be sent next.<br>
''Situation 4''<br>
''1 and 2''<br>
Nothing is sent.<br>
''2 and -1''<br>
Only This Bar Close orders are sent if there are no new bars on the chart by this moment.<br>
If there is the new bar on the chart by this moment, Next Bar Market, Next Bar Price orders will be sent next.<br>
[[Category:PowerLanguage]]
